2022english作文澳洲风险管理和金融工程作业 MSc Risk Management a

2022english作文澳洲风险管理和金融工程作业 MSc Risk Management a

Imperial College of Science, Technology and MedicinePROJECT GUIDELINESMSc Risk Management and Financial Engineering 2008/092CONTENTS:I General guidanceII Administrative mattersIII Recommended reportsIV Writing up your ProjectV Appendix1. Sample Title Page2. Referencing Notes3MSc RISK MANAGEMENT AND FINANCIAL ENGINEERINGPROJECT 2008/09 – SUMMARY:• The project comprises 20% of the overall mark for the MSc.• The project must be submitted via Blackboard by 25 August 2009 (4:00pm).• Projects will be marked by mid-October before the final Examiners meeting, which takes place atthe end of the month.• Final grades for the MSc should be available in November.The project is an original piece of research, which must not exceed 10,000 words (excluding tables,refs, etc). There is no reason for students to aim for 10,000; that is an upper limit. A perfectly goodproject might only comprise about 7,000 or 8,000 words. What matters is content, not length.The TimetableFri 13 March Students submit dissertation topic via Blackboard by 4:00pmMon 20 April Students are assigned a supervisorTues 5 May Students submit literature survey via Blackboard by 4:00pmW/c 11 May Students meet their supervisors and discuss their survey and projectFri 3 July Students submit a progress report via Blackboard by 4:00pmW/c 6 July Students meet their supervisors and discuss their progress & projectMon 27 July Last date for final meeting with supervisorTues 25 August Submit completed project via Blackboard by 4:00pmYour first major task, after deciding on and submitting your project topic, will be to complete a shortliterature survey (maximum length 800 words) by 5th May. This literature survey is important inorder to focus your project and will be discussed with your supervisor during the week commencing11th May. Your second task is to produce a progress report (maximum length 1000 words) by the3rd July. During the week commencing 6th July you will meet your supervisor again in order to discussyour progress report.The literature survey and progress report are not formally assessed (the final project is weighted at100%) but the subsequent two meetings are compulsory and will be organised by your supervisors,who will expect this work to be completed before you meet.Students are entitled to three additional meetings with their supervisors in June-July. These optionalmeetings should be arranged by the students. Each meeting should not exceed 30mins.Resit students are only required to submit their final project (i.e. they are not required to submit aliterature review or progress report). Resits students are entitled to the optional meetings with theirsupervisor.4I. GENERAL GUIDANCE#p#分页标题#e#The first stepsThe most important early task once your project topic has been chosen is to commence work on theshort literature survey due on 5th May. The survey is intended to make you familiar with currentresearch in the field, and to provide you with a point of departure for your own work and discussionwith your supervisor. In the short survey you must discuss the key papers that are directly related toyour project. The key papers are NOT necessarily restricted to those listed in the “project proposals”booklet. You should demonstrate your ability to search and identify important additional articles. Thesurvey should also focus on your own proposed project and should answer the following questions.What are your Objectives: (i.e. what do you expect to learn by undertaking this project?). What arethe Principal questions to be addressed? What are the Data requirements: (What data will youuse and how do you propose to obtain it?). What are your Software needs: (What softwarepackages do you intend to use, and why?). What are the Principal techniques: (For example, willyou be using MLE or GMM? Continuous-time asset pricing or binomial lattices?). What are the Datesand milestones?In your progress report due on 3rd July you must demonstrate that your project is underway, that youhave started to get some initial results from your analysis and show your supervisor that you have aclear idea of what the final project would be like. You should discuss what data has already beencollected, what results have been derived, what the implications of these results are, what remainingquestions need to be investigated, and what the structure of your final project is.The benefits of the projectThe project plays an essential part in the educational process. It is something that is exclusivelyyours and you have to take responsibility for what you get out of it. The academic staff will help,facilitate and finally assess your efforts, but the responsibility for the project is your own. Anelectronic copy of your project, assuming it ‘passes’, will be accessible in the College Library. Futurestudents and other users will read it and it will appear under your name.The benefit that you get from the project will depend on the nature of the project and will thereforevary. It is likely to include, however, some mix of the following:• a deeper understanding of some aspect of financial markets, industry, the economy• development of technical expertise in e.g., financial analysis, mathematical modelling, informationtechnology, forecasting, computing• better understanding and better performance in the process of research. e.g. familiarity withsources and use of data, ability to evaluate and synthesise existing literature, present findingsaccurately, clearly and concisely.#p#分页标题#e#Of course, not all projects will provide all of these benefits, certainly not to the same degree and youwill probably have strong views on what kind of benefit you want to emphasise when you select yourproject.Planning your projectIn planning your project you should consider the following:1. It is important to select a topic in which you are interested rather than one that you believe will beeasy to do.2. The absolute minimum that will gain a pass is a very well executed replication of a piece ofresearch that has been done by someone else, but on a different data set from yours, or appliedto a different type of asset etc. But if you aim merely for this minimum you run the risk that your5execution will not be of a sufficiently high standard. What we are really looking for is for you togenerate a small number of your own ideas or questions and to investigate these professionally,using the techniques you have learned on the course. One way to do this is to develop anexisting piece of work by testing or relaxing some of the assumptions on which it is based.Matlab ClinicThere will be a Matlab econometrics clinic to answer student’s general queries on Matlabprogramming and applied econometrics that may arise when undertaking the MSc project. This willinclude advice on interpreting econometric results and general issues about programming in Matlab.The clinic will be for general guidance only and will direct you to appropriate text books/referenceswhere this is appropriate. It WILL NOT, for example, answer any questions, which directly arise fromother courses (e.g. SAFE), nor will it check or write programs – this is your responsibility. Details ofthe staffing and times of availability will be announced later in the year.What your supervisor will do1 Your supervisor will offer advice on whether you are being too ambitious, or not ambitiousenough, both in your initial proposal and throughout the supervision period. In either case, it willbe up to you to decide how to rectify the situation.2 The choice and the quality of the final project are your responsibility, not your supervisor’s. It isimportant that you recognise that you will be doing the work for the project; your supervisor willsimply provide general guidance. A project is not a taught course; a key part of the task is foryou to choose various avenues (some of which may prove to be dead-ends) to investigate.3 Your supervisor will be more reactive than proactive: It is up to you to come up with suggestionsfor your work, on which your supervisor will comment, not the other way around. I.e. yoursupervisor will not tell you what you should work on, nor will he/she tell you what you should ‘donext’, or what you should do to ‘get a distinction’. He or she will assess your proposed course of#p#分页标题#e#action however, and advise you as to whether it is sensible or not.4 You will meet your supervisor no more than 5 times. The literature survey and progress reportmeetings are compulsory. You are also entitled to three additional and optional meetings. Theseshould be arranged by the students. The last meeting will be no later than Monday 27 July.Each meeting will last about 30 minutes. These meetings should be spaced at reasonableintervals. More frequent/longer meetings would be a matter of goodwill rather than entitlement.This is to ensure an approximately equal allocation of ‘supervision time’ to each student, and toallow sufficient time for you to write up your results.N.B. Resits students are entitled to three optional meetings with their supervisor.5 Supervisors may wish to communicate, in addition to the above meetings, by email or viaBlackboard. However, unless your supervisor specifically agrees with you, no written materialshould be sent to your supervisor by email.6 Your supervisor will not read drafts of your work. If you believe that you have problems withpresentation etc it is your responsibility to raise these with your supervisor during your meetings.7 Please note that it is not part of your supervisor’s responsibility to correct errors of Englishlanguage or style. If you feel you need help in this respect it is your responsibility to arrange this.Keep an eye out for information about the English Language sessions taking place at the start ofthe summer term.Research strategy6Right from the start you should think about how you will organise your research, and how you willstructure the eventual project. It is very important that you decide the following very early on:1 Exactly what questions are you seeking answers to? While your project may cover a broad area,your contribution will usually be a short list of very narrowly defined questions to answer. At theend of the project you will know whether or not you have finished by whether or not you havelearned the answers to these questions. The quality of the project will then depend in part onwhether the answers are plausible.2 What econometric or other techniques will allow you to answer the questions?3 Sketch out a work plan e.g.:• Collect relevant academic papers for the project• Decide exactly what the project will be about• Decide on data needs• Gather the data• Test your hypotheses/estimate your model etc.• Write up the results• Hand it in• Collapse7II. ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERSPlagiarismThe college takes the issue of plagiarism very seriously. The college is currently using specialisedsoftware to check every project against an extensive database. If your completed MSc project is#p#分页标题#e#discovered to contain verbatim material from other sources which has not been acknowledgedor put between inverted commas, this will be referred to the College authorities. If plagiarism isfound to have taken place your MSc qualification may be withdrawn (e.g. even if the plagiarism isdiscovered several years after submission). Last year thirty cases of plagiarism were reported to theCollege authorities.ConfidentialityYour report will normally be placed in the library where, in principle, any authorised library user mayconsult it. If, in consultation with your supervisor and any sponsoring organisation, you wish forreasons of business confidentiality to withhold your report from the library, you must write to PaoloZaffaroni ([email protected]) for permission for this at least ONE MONTH before thesubmission date.The college will require a letter from your employer, the Programme Director and yourselfrequesting that your project is withheld from the library. Once this request has been approvedthe library will withhold your project from the public domain for two years.QuestionnairesIf your research relies on the use of questionnaires as a means of collecting primary information youmust apply to Paolo Zaffaroni ([email protected]) for authorisation before sending yourquestionnaires on Imperial College headed notepaper.If you use surveys or questionnaires whilst undertaking your project, you must retain the completedversions for inspection by your project supervisor or external examiner. You do not need to submitthese with your final project or include them in the appendices but you need to have them available incase they are requested. Any attempt to generate or manipulate primary data to influence theresults of your project is considered to be a serious academic offence and will be severelypenalised.How Will Your Project Be Assessed?It is important to bear in mind that the project is an indispensable requirement of the academicqualification that you are hoping to receive at the end of the course. The examiners will want toensure that you have been rigorously tested and that what you learned is not so narrow or fleetingthat you have gained nothing that will be of lasting benefit. Your approach to your project shouldtherefore be guided by the following:1. All theses should have a critical, evaluative or analytical element. They should not consist ofmere data collection unless the collection itself calls for enterprise, ingenuity, interviewing orquestionnaire design skills or an otherwise demanding methodology. The project shouldnormally, therefore, not consist only of the collection of secondary data (i.e. data that alreadyexist) without subsequent analysis by you.#p#分页标题#e#Primary data collection may be sufficient if the required method itself is sufficientlychallenging but even here, proper analysis of the data will usually be required.A literature-based project requires more than identification of sources, summarising,8classification etc., but calls for critical evaluation, synthesising, identification of gaps, etc.If case studies or in-depth interviews are used, these should be evaluated for their generalsignificance and implications rather than merely reported.The project is an opportunity to apply what you have learned on the rest of the MScprogramme and to demonstrate that you have learned it thoroughly, that you know what isand what is not useful in a particular context or problem. Make appropriate use of concepts,models, and principles that you have learned, but do not, of course, distort the project tomake it fit a preconceived model.2. Apart from the quality of the work that you do for your project you will be judged on the qualityof the way in which you report it. In the section below, "Writing up your Project", you aregiven detailed guidance on how this should be done. This is concerned mainly with technicalmatters of sequence, layout, presentation of references and so on.You need always to put yourself in the position of a reader who may be reading your report ina few years time. The reader may want to extend or update your report so always try to makeit as user-friendly as you can by showing your sources (or data, published literature etc.) insuch a way that they can easily be identified. If you use a number of abbreviations, makesure that these are fully explained perhaps by providing a convenient glossary.Remember also that you are writing a report for the award of a degree. Your language andvocabulary should not be excessively informal, colloquial or journalistic (certainly not tabloid).If you lack confidence in the quality of your written English, even after using spell-check, try torecruit a friend to read through and polish your presentation.3. You will be assessed also on how well you organise and carry out your work on the project.As always in life, you will not have sufficient time to do all what you would like to do. Part ofthe value of the project lies in learning to plan the schedule and performance of theconstituent tasks effectively.You will be amazed by how quickly the time will pass. Do not postpone work that can bedone now and above all do not assume that other people (e.g. those whom you may wish tointerview or ask for data) will be available just when you want them to be. Do not assumealso that equipment (e.g. computers and printers) will be available just when you want themespecially as the submission date approaches.At the end of this section is a list of reports from earlier years that we judged to be good standard.#p#分页标题#e#Have a look at these in the Library. You will find some reports that are undoubtedly less good butthere may have been mitigating circumstances in such cases. In any case, you will want to set yoursights high to gain the maximum benefit from the experience and to leave behind for others to read arecord of your work that you would be proud for them to see.All these "do’s and don’ts" may sound rather intimidating but remember the project is intended to befor your benefit: work hard and enjoy it!SubmissionThe project along with any key programmes should be submitted via Blackboard by 4:00pmTuesday 25 August 2009. The name of the files should be the same as your examination candidatenumber e.g. 00123456.doc or 00123456.pdf. Submissions by hand or by email will not beaccepted.All projects must be submitted with the following completed forms: project submission andplagiarism form, supervisor evaluation form and Alumni registration form. Copies of theseforms will be available on Blackboard. Failure to submit any of the required documents may beconsidered as failure to submit your project (refer to section Late Submission).9Electronic submission for the project will close at the cut-off deadline (4:00pm on the submission day).If you encounter problems with uploading your project onto Blackboard you must contact yourProgramme Administrator before the deadline. Do not wait until the last minute to submit yourproject!Reports that satisfy the Examiners (pass) will be available electronically on the library database forfuture reference.Late SubmissionThe College regulations state that late submission will only be allowed for reasons of illness(supported by a medical certificate) or death of a near relative.If you fail to submit your project, the relevant Examination Regulations of the College willdeem you to have failed to present yourself for all required examinations. You would then berequired to re-enter the whole course. Whatever happens, you must submit your project at therequired time even if it only consists of a cover page with your name and project title.What Happens If?The project fails. You will then be responsible for eventual re-submission the following year.ExtensionsPlease note that extensions are not given for the project.Requests for extensions based on work commitments will not be granted.An extension (late submission) is only considered when a student has extenuating circumstances, asdetailed in the Late Submission section above.Absence from CollegeThe regulations covering the MSc programme allow a student to be absent from the college for amaximum 2 months. Any such absence must be exclusively for the purpose of conducting the project,must have the approval of your supervisor and permission from the college. College permission can#p#分页标题#e#be sought only by way of the Programme Director.Please note: Unauthorised absence will jeopardise your claim to have completed the registrationrequirements of the College.10III. RECOMMENDED REPORTSThe following represent a sample of reports that were considered to be of good quality that weresubmitted for MSc Risk Management and Financial Engineering from the previous two years.Author Year TitleNada Al Bastaki 2007/8 The predictability of sukuks and their diversification benefitsZhaowei Liu 2007/8 Predictability of stock returnsValerie Odette Stephan 2007/8 Impact of Solvency II pm the structures of Insurance linkedsecurities www.ukassignment.orgIzaskun Merino Sautua 2007/8 Optimal Structured Product AllocationXizhe Tan 2007/8 Bubbles in asset prices in markets of different marketefficiency levelNikolaus von Solodkoff 2007/8 Development of Trading ModelsGuowen Qin 2007/8 Trading Strategy on VolatilityChenghan Wen 2007/8 International portfolio diversificationAyisha Cecile Fraser 2007/8 Tactical Asset Allocation (area)Yizhou Wang 2007/8 The Black-Litterman portfolio allocation modelLorenzo Diurni 2007/8 Default correlationPavel Zhdanov 2007/8 Asset Allocation and Regime Switching Models IssuesHaijian Fan 2006/7 Synthetic CDO Pricing and Hedging using Two-FactorPortfolio Credit ModelAchilleas Michos 2006/7 Pricing Derivatives using Monte Carlo TechniquesConstantinos Giachalis 2005/7 Trading Strategy on VolatilityAndrew Gibbs 2005/7 Calibrating and Pricing Options using the CEV Model as anAlternative to Local VolatilityThe following projects were all submitted for MSc Finance and represent a sample of risk-focusedreports that were considered to be of good quality during the previous years.Author Year TitleAtak Kara 2006/7 Option Pricing with Support Vector MachinesMarc Middelmann 2006/7 A Modern Perspective on Conglomerate Discount inGermany and the Role of Corporate GovernancePrempal Singh 2006/7 Daimler Benz and the Chrysler Merger: An Examination ofValue Creation for ShareholdersBassil Yousif 2006/7 Discrete-Time Option Hedging With Transaction CostsChi Man Kwan 2006/7 Predictability of Return in Hong Kong Stock MarketMinal Lavingia 2005/6 The pricing of CDS options under a time-changed LevyframeworkMeng Shi 2005/6 Explaining the Cross-Section of Chinese Expected StockReturnsQuin Wang 2005/6 Valuation of Asset Securitization for US Commercial BanksLewis Webber 2005/6 Valuation of European and American-Style Asian Options onan Underlying Asset with Constant and Stochastic VolatilityJingjing Xiao 2005/6 Equity Valuation with Forecast EarningsTom Logan 2004/5 Pricing Collateralised Debt Obligations using T-Copulas#p#分页标题#e#Yue Hin Lo 2004/5 An Application of Wavelet Analysis to Discrete-Time OptimalHedging StrategyRyan Jong 2004/5 Gazing the Crystal Ball: Forming Predictive Distributions ofNext Day Equity Returns; the Extended Jong and Hall ModelJosh Matthew Anstey 2003/4 Pricing Credit Derivatives-Nth to Default SwapsAntoine Bechet 2003/4 Pricing of Credit Default SwapsJames Charlesworth 2003/4 A Monte-Carlo Approach to the Pricing of Interest RateSwaptions11John Stuart Gardener 2003/4 Value at Risk: An Analysis of Estimation Techniques andOption PositionsPatrice Guesnet 2003/4 Credit Default Swaps: A Tool to Assess Sovereign DefaultRiskTeng Jiang 2003/4 Stock Returns Forecasting: A Comparison of ImprovedNeural NetworksManoj Kumar Kapai 2003/4 Pricing Barrier OptionsLin Luo 2003/4 Valuation of Companies: A Real Options ApproachAlexis Galatariotis 2002/3 Determinants of corporate risk management for US nonfinancialfirmsRichard Maile 2002/3 A comparison between analytical and numerical techniquesfor pricing weather derivativesPavlos Vitos 2002/3 Application of real options to shipping investmentsStamatis Bezerianos 2002/3 Estimation of the term structure of interest rates usingnumerical techniquesAlexander Bleck 2002/3 Swaption skews in the LIBOR market modelBaudovin Del Marmol 2002/3 Computation of the error in a minimum variance hedgeConstantinos Ekkeshis 2002/3 FTSE 100: testing market efficiencyRifaie Khairulanwar 2002/3 KR-model: a bankruptcy Prediction model for companies inMalaysiaChristopher Blair 2001/2 Pricing derivatives using Monte-Carlo techniquesJames Patrick Hoare 2001/2 Modelling the term structure of defaultLydia Kurniawan 2001/2 Market efficiency on the stock marketMatteo Nardi 2001/2 Forecasting volatilityChristos Papakyriakou 2001/2 Behavioural finance, noise traders and technicalanalysisMatthew Reid 2001/2 Credit derivativesYan Hoo Yip 2001/2 Valuing investments using real options12IV. WRITING UP YOUR PROJECTThese notes have been designed to answer, briefly, many of the questions, which you may otherwisehave asked your supervisors individually. Much of the information is advisory, but some sections(introduced by a heading in capital letters) are mandatory and failure to observe them mayresult in the project being rejected.The Examiners pay special attention not only to the content of the reports but also to theirpresentation. In this connection it is important that each student ensures that the material in thereport is presented in grammatically correct English and is free from spelling, typographical and othererrors. The Examiners may in appropriate cases require the student to carry out amendments to thepresentation (i.e. to correct the above-mentioned errors) within a period of one month after the#p#分页标题#e#Examiners meeting.Order of PresentationThis should follow the scheme given below, although not every item may occur in a given report:1. Title page2. List of contents3. Synopsis (200-250 words)4. Acknowledgements5. Notation6. Main text of the report including terms of reference, objectives and conclusions7. References8. Appendix or appendicesN.B. Pages must be numbered with page 1 on the first page of the first chapter (or Introduction)through to the end.ImportantAll projects must include a synopsis page. The main text must begin with a clear statement ofabout one page in length setting out the terms of reference and objectives of the project as agreedwith the supervisor. Every project, irrespective of the nature of the topic, must contain a criticalcomment based on the considered assessment of the material/evidence presented in it: this is anessential requirement, as are the conclusions of the report.Title PageThis must be arranged as shown in the specimen sheet, which is attached to these notes. Thetemplate can also be downloaded from Blackboard.AcknowledgementYou may wish to acknowledge help given from three different sources:1. From people outside the School – staff of other departments, the Computer Unit, industrialcompanies, etc.2. You may, as a matter of courtesy, wish to acknowledge the general guidance of your supervisor,but this should be a fairly simple statement.3. You may have had special help from staff inside the School in which case, it should beacknowledged collectively in one simple sentence.13NotationThe extent to which you list any symbols used in your report must be left to your discretion. Symbols,which are used in several parts of your report, should preferably be listed before the main text foreasy reference. Symbols which are used only once or in one part of the report may be referred to inthat part only. Generally, try to place yourself in the position of a reader with average backgroundknowledge and arrange the notation in a manner, which will be most convenient for him/her to follow.Main TextIf you have not had experience in writing a project, these few notes will not put matters right but thefollowing points should be borne in mind:1. A university project is not available to the general public by any means of distribution andaccordingly, you do not need to worry about getting permission from copy-right holders inmaking direct quotations or copying figures from other publications (sources must beacknowledged though this is done for completeness rather than legality). You must alsoindicate by the use of inverted commas or different typeface the quoted material sothat it is clearly identified as such. However, if you subsequently write up your work, in#p#分页标题#e#conjunction with your supervisor, as a paper, then you are subject to normal copyright lawsand must only quote very brief extracts even from those Journals, which subscribe to theRoyal Society’s convention on Fair Copying.2. Since the text and illustrations are rarely done concurrently and/or by the same person, it isdifficult to make a project look like a printed work and it is sometimes far better to producemost of the figures and tables at the end of the text.3. The main text of the project should start with a literature review. In a review and discussion ofthe work of others (and at all times) it should be clear from the text which of the opinionsexpressed are those of the author and which are those of other people.4. In a project involving experimental or fieldwork, as well as theory, calculations, etc., the textcould be divided as follows:Experimental technique and methodExperimental resultsTheoretical workTheoretical resultsDiscussion and conclusion(Not necessarily in this order)PresentationIt is important that all work is legible and should be produced using Arial font size 11. Adequatemargins should be left on each side of the paper.A single colour of ink should be used. Projects are not always marked electronically by staff and ifprinted, will be printed in black ink so any references to coloured text might be overlooked.It is also important that you produce your work in a printable format. Use the ‘print preview’function to ensure that the work will print exactly as you would expect. Projects will be printed inbatches and time will not be spent by School staff re-formatting submitted work.It is recommended that you put your name in a header or footer so that it appears on every page.14ReferencesIt is mandatory that your project contains a full list of references at the end of the report. Unlessreferences are full and correct they are, at worst, useless and at best a source of considerable troubleto anyone who is trying to find the original. Although there are many correct ways to reference, themethod described below is the prescribed method. This is the Harvard Referencing System (asopposed to the Vancouver system, which follows a numbering system). No report will be accepted ifthe references do not conform to the following conventions.Indicate references to the literature in the report by giving, in parenthesis, the author’s namefollowed by the date of publication.For example: in the text of the report you should include the name and date of the reference asfollows (and where necessary page numbers)One research area in IS concerns the study of global systems as described by Roche (1999 pp.44-52).At the end of the report, in a section headed REFERENCES all references should be listed in#p#分页标题#e#alphabetical order, and take the following form:Books: Author’s(s) name(s) and initials – the date of publication – title of book and volume number ifnecessary – the correct name of the publishing company and the town of their head office in thecountry in which the book was published – details of the edition – the page numbers of the sectionquoted, if known.For example:Roche, E.M., 1999: Managing Information Technology in Multinational Corporations. Macmillan, NewYork.For papers, articles: Author’s(s) name(s) and initials – the year of publication – title of paper – thejournal in which it was published – the volume number and part number where a volume is specificallydivided – the page numbers.For example:Shore, B., Ventures, A.R., 2000: “Role of national culture in the transfer of information technology”.Journal of Strategic Information Systems 5 (3), 19-25.For material taken from the Internet, references should be shown as:http://ftp.indirect.com/www/evecam/poems.html (version current, Dec 1998).For reports and proceedings, etc references should be shown as:Lowen, E.G., Marshall, E.R. and Shaw, M.C. (1951): Electric strain gauge tool dynamometer. Proc.Soc. Exp. Stress Anal. Vol. 8, pp 1-16.In some cases, it may be necessary to add a list of other works which may be consulted although notspecifically cited – this list should be headed BIBLIOGRAPHY.AppendicesAppendices should be included where necessary to develop a theme or analysis, which is notnecessary to a first reading of the report and which, if included in the main text, would tend to confusethe general line of argument.15Computer Print-Out/ProgrammesThis can be incorporated as follows:1. Included as an appendix at the end of the report.2. On computer disks. These should be give to the programmes team or to your supervisor.LengthThere is no merit in making the project longer than it need be. The length should be commensuratewith presenting a systematic, readable, but concise account of the work done. The project must notexceed 10,000 words (excluding list of contents, acknowledgements, and computer printout).Report WritingRemember that the examiners attach a lot of importance to presentation. If you feel that you do notwrite clear English, you should read one or two of the following. The little book by Strunk and White isparticularly helpful.EWING, DW, 1985: Writing for Results in Business, Government, the Sciences and the Professions.2nd ed. Wiley, New York.GOWERS, E, 1986: The Complete Plain Words. Penguin, Harmondsworth.STRUNK & WHITE, 1982: The Elements of Style. 3rd ed., Macmillan, New York.TURABIAN, KL, 1982: A Manual for Writers of Research Papers, Thesis and Thesiss. Heinemann,#p#分页标题#e#London.TURK CHRISTOPHER, 1989: Effective Writing. 2nd Edition, Spon, London16V. APPENDIX 1 – SAMPLE TITLE PAGE<Title of Thesis><Author>A project submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of <enter degree here> and the Diploma ofImperial College London<Date>17V. APPENDIX 2 – REFERENCING NOTESREFERENCING NOTESDr. Baggy CoxImperial College Business SchoolAnybody reading, seeing or hearing your work must be able to locate the exact source of yourmaterial regardless of whether this material is in the format of text, figures, graphs, charts or websites.The Imperial College Business School uses the Harvard Referencing Method.1. CITING REFERENCES IN THE TEXT1.1 ParaphrasingThe following text is extracted directly from a book by Laudon and Laudon –“Four powerful worldwide changes have altered the business environment. The first change isthe emergence and strengthening of the global economy. The second change is thetransformation of service economies. The third is the transformation of the businessenterprise. The fourth is the emergence of the digital firm”.If you wish to refer to these ideas in your work without committing plagiarism you need toacknowledge their source within your own text. You must include the authors’ name or namesfollowed by the publication date in parentheses.ExampleAs Laudon & Laudon (2004) suggest there has been an emergence and strengthening of the globaleconomy as well as a transformation of industrial economies into knowledge and information-basedservice economies.1.2 Direct QuotesIf you are quoting any part of an original source without alteration, in addition to the authors namesand the date you must also use quotation marks to indicate the direct quotation as well as the pagenumber.ExampleRecent years have seen widespread transformation in the business world. A major change has beenin the ‘emergence and strengthening of the global economy’ (Laudon & Laudon, 2004 p.4)1.3 Electronic sourcesMaterial taken from electronic sources such as the Internet must be attributed.ExampleIt is suggested that less than half of Americans who need a flu shot get one(http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/)1.4 Multiple AuthorsIf there are more than two authors the surname of the first author should be given followed by et alwritten in italics18ExampleSmith et al (2001) suggest that…..1.5 More than one document published by an author in the same yearIf the author has published more than one document in the same year which you wish to cite, they aredistinguished by adding lower case letters (a,b) after the date.#p#分页标题#e#ExampleThis suggestion was first put forward by Winton (2001a). The argument is further addressed inWinton (2001b).1.6 Secondary referencingSecondary referencing should be avoided where possible. However, if you are not quoting an originaldocument but one which is cited by another author you must reference both worksExample 澳洲essay指导王 www.ukassignment.org 澳洲essay指导 A study by Meridith (2003, page 4) as quoted in Happle (2004, page 13)1.7 Multiple references given at one point in the textWhere a number of articles deal with the same issue, references should appear chronologicallyseparated by a semi-colonExampleEvaluation of health systems have been conducted (Abigail 1994; Comer 1997; Bast 2000; Ealy2002)2. Writing the Reference ListThe reference list appears at the end of your work.2.1. Reference to a book:The order of information when referring to a book should be as follows:1. The author or authors2. The date of publication in brackets3. The title of the book (highlighted or underlined or italicised but must be consistent)4. Edition5. Place of Publication6. Name of Publisher7. Page numbers (if using a direct quotation)Example:Laudon K.C. & Laudon J.P, (2004) Management Information Systems, Eighth Edition, Upper SaddleRiver, New Jersey, Pearson Education Inc., page 42.1.1. An Edited BookDames, Lynn and Kenin, James (eds) (1997) Theory of computing: an integrated approach.New York, Prentice Hall2.1.2 A Chapter in a bookWeir, Pauline (1995) Clinical practice development role: a personal reflection. In: K. Kendrick etal. (eds) Innovations in nursing practice. London, Edward Arnold. p. 5-22.2.2 Reference to a journal articleThe order of information when referring to a journal article should be as follows:191. Author of the article2. Year of publication (in brackets)3. Title of the article4. Title of the journal (highlighted or underlined or italicised but must be consistent)5. Volume and part number, month or season6. Page numbersExampleCox, B. (1994) Communicating Conceptual Integrity in Distributed Systems through Intelligent Assistance,Omega, Vol.22, No2, 113-1222.3 Reference to a thesisExampleSimpson, Margaret (2003) A study of electronic patient records, Unpublished MSc. dissertation,Imperial College.2.4 Reference to an electronic sourceThe order in which the information is provided#p#分页标题#e#1. Author/Editor.2. Year3. Title (highlighted or underlined or italicised but must be consistent)4. [Internet].5. Edition.6. Place of publication:7. Publisher (if ascertainable).8. Available from: <URL> [Accessed date]Example:John Elliott, 2004 Space Giant Brakes Hard to Run Rings around Saturn [Internet] New York,Timesonline, http://www.timesonline.co.uk/newspaper/0,,2761-1159570,00.html [Accesssed 29thSeptember 2004}